Psychology & Psychiatry

Fighting fire dispatcher burnout

Emergency response dispatchers are the first people who receive calls about active fires. These workers need to quickly make decisions, send responses and coordinate logistics. But the job doesn't end there for wildfires, ...

Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes

How three infectious disease agents evade the immune system

COVID-19 cast a glaring spotlight on the devastating impact that infectious diseases can have on human health and society. At the height of the global pandemic, most of the world came to a standstill, and millions of lives ...

Diseases, Conditions, Syndromes

Q&A: What human diseases can teach us about the immune system

The immune system is a crucial part of our survival, regularly fending off wide-ranging attacks on the body, both internal and external. Unsurprisingly, the elegant defense system that protects us from viruses, bacterial ...

Medical research

A breath of fresh air keeps drug-producing cells alive longer

In 2021, a Northwestern University-led research team began working to develop an implantable "living pharmacy" to control the human body's sleep/wake cycles. Now, the researchers have completed a major step toward achieving ...

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Biology

Biology (from Greek βιολογος - βίος, bios, "life"; -λογος, -logos, study of) is the science that studies living organisms. Prior to the nineteenth century, biology came under the general study of all natural objects called natural history.

The term biology was first coined by Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus.[citation needed] It is now a standard subject of instruction at schools and universities around the world, and over a million papers are published annually in a wide array of biology and medicine journals.

Biology examines the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution and classification of all living things. Five unifying principles form the foundation of modern biology: cell theory, evolution, gene theory, energy, and homeostasis.

Traditionally, the specialized disciplines of biology are grouped by the type of organism being studied: botany, the study of plants; zoology, the study of animals; and microbiology, the study of microorganisms.

These fields are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life, molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules, cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate with their environment.

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