Mislocalized calcium channel causes insulin secretion defect in diabetes

Researchers from Uppsala University have studied beta cells of type-2 diabetic donors, and find that a mislocalized calcium channel contributes to the failed insulin secretion associated with the disease.

After a meal, the blood sugar rises. To counteract this and to make the sugar available to the body, specialized cells in the pancreas get activated to secrete . In people with diabetes this mechanism fails, which leads to elevated blood sugar and a host of other diabetes related complications.

The cellular signal for is an influx of calcium, which triggers the release of small hormone-containing storage vesicles. Recent work from Sebastian Barg's lab at Uppsala University, in collaboration with researchers from Padua, Oxford, and the NIH, now indicates that a tiny change in the cells' architecture is at the heart of the secretion defect.

Using high resolution microscopy, the group found that calcium normally enters right next to the storage vesicle to trigger insulin release. In type-2 diabetes, the channel proteins that allow the entry are instead located too far away from the insulin vesicles, which causes secretion to fail. The findings offer a first glimpse at the intricate relationship between the insulin secretion machinery and , and suggests that drugs aimed at their interaction could be developed to treat diabetes.

More information: Nikhil R. Gandasi et al. Ca2+ channel clustering with insulin-containing granules is disturbed in type 2 diabetes, Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017). DOI: 10.1172/JCI88491

Provided by Uppsala University
Citation: Mislocalized calcium channel causes insulin secretion defect in diabetes (2017, May 19) retrieved 29 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-05-mislocalized-calcium-channel-insulin-secretion.html
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