Two genes likely play key role in extreme nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

Two genes likely play key role in extreme nausea and vomiting during pregnancy
A new study led by Marlena Fejzo at UCLA has identified two genes associated with hyperemesis gravidarum, a condition that causes extreme nausea and vomitting during pregnancy. Credit: UCLA Health

Most women experience some morning sickness during pregnancy, but about 2 percent of pregnant women experience a more severe form of nausea and vomiting.

Sometimes the symptoms are so serious that hospitalization is required. Known as , the condition is the same one that Kate Middleton, the Duchess of Cambridge, endured in her pregnancies.

A new study led by researchers at UCLA and published in the journal Nature Communications has identified two genes associated with hyperemesis gravidarum, whose cause has not been determined in previous studies. The genes, known as GDF15 and IGFBP7, are both involved in the development of the placenta and play important roles in early pregnancy and appetite regulation.

"It has long been assumed that the pregnancy hormones, or estrogen, were the likely culprits of extreme and vomiting, but our study found no evidence to support this," Marlena Fejzo, the study's first author, said. She is an associate researcher at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. The two genes, she added, coincidentally are linked to cachexia, a and muscle wasting condition that leads to death in about 20 percent of cancer patients and has similar symptoms to hyperemesis gravidarum.

Fejzo herself had hyperemesis gravidarum and lost a pregnancy to the condition in 1999. The debilitating symptoms can include rapid weight loss, malnutrition and dehydration due to persistent nausea and/or vomiting.

Current medications to treat the condition are largely ineffective and can lead to serious health consequences for both mother and baby. The condition is the second leading cause of hospitalization during pregnancy. Women often require intravenous fluids and, in the most severe cases, feeding tubes.

Previous research has shown that severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy often runs in families, suggesting that genetics plays a role. For this study, the team compared the variation in DNA from with no nausea and vomiting to those with hyperemesis gravidarum to see what the differences were between the two groups. DNA variation around the genes GDF15 and IGFBP7 was associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. The findings were then confirmed in an independent study of with hyperemesis gravidarum.

In a separate follow-up study, researchers then proved the proteins GDF15 and IGFBP7 are abnormally high in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. They presented these findings at the International Colloquium on Hyperemesis Gravidarum in 2017.

The next step is to determine whether GDF15 and IGFBP7 protein levels can be altered safely in to minimize nausea and .

The findings help to suggest a new avenue of research into a condition for which treatments have progressed little in the past.

"It is my hope that one day a medication that affects this pathway will be used to successfully treat and possibly cure hyperemesis gravidarum," Fejzo said.

More information: Nature Communications (2018). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03258-0

Journal information: Nature Communications
Citation: Two genes likely play key role in extreme nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (2018, March 21) retrieved 29 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-03-genes-key-role-extreme-nausea.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

Explore further

Extreme nausea and vomiting varies among pregnant women from different countries

11 shares

Feedback to editors