Autophagy in dendritic cells helps anticancer activity

Autophagy in dendritic cells helps anticancer activity
Figure 1.Mechanism of autophagy in dendritic cells. Credit: The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

Autophagy contributes to the homeostasis of a cell and recently another function of autophagy has been reported. A KAIST research team found that the autophagy of dendritic cells supports T-cell anticancer activity.

Autophagy is a process of maintaining cell homeostasis by removing cellular waste and damaged cellular organelles; nevertheless, its role in the presentation of phagocytized tumor-associated antigens remains vague.

Meanwhile, dendritic cells are the ones that recognize pathogens or cancer antigens, and induce immune responses in T cells. When are killed by radiation or an anticancer drug, dendritic cells absorb and remove them and present antigens on their surface to transfer them to T-cells.

Professor Heung Kyu Lee from the Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering and his team found that the autophagy of dendritic cells plays a key role in T-cell activation and they proposed the principles of enhancing anti-cancer effects.

Their experiments showed that T-cell activation of dendritic cells as well as anticancer dropped when there is a deficiency of Atg5 (autophagy-related) in dendritic cells.

Interestingly, Atg5-deficient significantly elevated receptor CD36 on the surface of the cells, which increased the phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells yet restricted the activation of T-cells.

Autophagy in dendritic cells helps anticancer activity
Figure 2. A role of autophagy in dendritic cells. Credit: The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

At this time, when introducing antibodies into the system in order to block the receptor CD36, the anti-tumor T-cell response increased substantially while tumor growth declined.

Professor Lee said, "This study allowed us to explore the role of autophagy in the anti-cancer immune response of T-cells. We look forward to developing targeted anti-cancer therapies using the receptor CD36."

This research was published in Autophagy.

More information: Dong Sun Oh et al. Autophagy protein ATG5 regulates CD36 expression and anti-tumor MHC class II antigen presentation in dendritic cells, Autophagy (2019). DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1596493

Citation: Autophagy in dendritic cells helps anticancer activity (2019, May 13) retrieved 28 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-05-autophagy-dendritic-cells-anticancer.html
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